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Class 12 English Grammar Unit 10 Conditional Sentences Exercise

Class 12 English Grammar Unit 10 Conditional Sentences Exercise PDF


Unit 10 Grammar
Conditional sentences PDF

Conditional sentences also called conditional clauses are the tools in grammar used to express hypothetical situations and their potential outcomes. There are four types of conditional sentences in English grammar: zero, first, second, and third. 

General Rule:

Present Simple - Will/can/must

Past Simple- would/could/should…

Past perfect - would have / could have ….

Conditional Sentences



The zero conditional talks about situations that always happen or are true, and uses the present tense in both the "if" clause and the main clause. 
Example: If it rains, the streets get wet.

The first conditional talks about real and possible future situations, and uses the present tense in the "if" clause and the future simple tense (will/shall + v1) in the main clause. 
Example: If I have time, I will go to the gym.

The second conditional is used to describe unlikely or impossible present or future situations, and uses the past simple tense in the "if" clause and the conditional tense (would + v1) in the main clause. 
Example: If I had a million dollars, I would buy a yacht.

The third conditional is used to talk about unreal or impossible situations in the past, and uses the past perfect tense in the "if" clause and the past conditional (would have + v3) in the main clause. 
Example: If I had studied harder, I would have passed the test.

Remember, conditional sentences can be mixed and matched to suit different hypothetical situations, and sometimes the word "if" can be omitted in spoken English.

B. Rewrite the following sentences using the correct form of the verbs.

a. If you sell your stocks now, you won’t get much money for them. (not/get)

b. A lot of people would lose their jobs if the factory closed down. (close down)

c. Our country won’t have to export wheat if it rains in November and February. (rain)

d. If we had found him earlier, we could have saved his life. (find)

e. If he had not been wearing a helmet, he could have been seriously injured. 

f. Unless you follow the instructions, you will not pass the exams. (not/pass)

g. I don’t mind walking home as long as the weather is fine. (be)

h. The bank will sanction you the loan provided you deposit a collateral. (deposit)

i. What would you have been doing if you had not got this job? (you/do)

j. If you had the choice, where would you have lived? (you/live)


C. Change the following sentences into ‘if sentences’ as in the example.

Example: I did not go to a restaurant because I was not hungry.

I would have gone to a restaurant if I had been hungry.


a. The driver was talking on the phone so the accident happened. 

If the driver had not been talking on the phone, the accident would not have happened. 


b. There is no one at home because all the lights are off. 

There would be someone at home if all the lights were not off. 

If there was someone at home, all the lights wouldn't be off. 


c. He must be an educated person because he has subscribed 'The Kathmandu Post.'

He mustn't be an educated person if he had not subscribed 'The Kathmandu Post.'

If he was an educated person, he would have subscribed 'The Kathmandu Post.'


d. His head was not injured in the accident because he had put the helmet on.

His head would have been injured in the accident if he had not put the helmet on.


e. I am sure he passed the exam because he gave a heavy treat to his friends.

I am sure he would not have passed the exam if he hadn't given a heavy treat to his friends.


f. You didn't take any breakfast so you are hungry now.

If you had taken some breakfast, you would not be hungry now.


g. I am sure he is a doctor because he is wearing the white gown.

I am sure he wouldn't be a doctor if he was not wearing the white gown.


h. She is very rich so she drives a Mercedes.

If she was not very rich, she would not be driving a Mercedes.


i. I didn't know it was only half a kilometer from my house, so I booked a ride.

If I had known it was only a half kilometer from my house, I would not have booked a ride.


j. He has hidden something in his mind, so he does not look fresh.

If he had not hidden anything in his mind, he would look fresh.
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